Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of cooling Reciproc endodontic files prior to preparation on their cyclic fatigue life at simulated body temperature.
Methods: Sixty-four Reciproc R40 files were randomly split into 4 groups (n = 16), as follows: control, cooling at −50°C, cooling at −16°C, and cooling at −80°C groups. The files were used in a simulated metal canal with a curvature of 90° and a radius of 3-mm. The metal block was submerged in a water tank adjusted to a temperature of 37°C. The time to file fracture and the length of the broken fragment were measured and recorded. The data were analyzed using a Kruskal–Wallis H test.
Results: The time to fracture was significantly lower in the control group compared to the cooling groups (p< 0.05). No differences in the time to fracture (p> 0.05) were observed between the cooling groups, and all groups exhibited similar length of the fractured fragments (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that cooling Reciproc R40 files using different methods prior to preparation improves its cyclic fatigue resistance.

Purpose: This study aimed to study the effects of irrigation solution temperature on the removal of intracanal medicament from root canals using XP-Endo Finisher (XPF).
Methods: This study used 72 extracted, single-root maxillary central human teeth prepared with an R40 Reciproc file, and the roots were separated into two parts lengthwise. In the apical and coronal regions, two grooves of 3 mm length were opened. Afterward, modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) was
placed inside these canals and the roots were joined. Then, they were randomly divided into 6 groups: Group 1: conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) and 21 °C sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group 2: XPF and 21 °C NaOCl, Group 3: CSI and 37 °C NaOCl, Group 4: XPF and 37 °C NaOCl, Group 5: CSI and 50 °C NaOCl, Group 6: XPF and 50 °C NaOCl.
Results: A significant difference was observed in the apical region (p< 0.05). Groups 2, 4, and 6 showed significantly better results in removing mTAP than Groups 1 and 3 (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: It has been observed that using NaOCl solution at different temperatures does not affect the efficiency of XPF in removing mTAP. However, the solution increased the effectiveness of the CSI technique.

Purpose: To use the “state and trait anxiety scale” to examine the anxiety levels among dentists caring for patients during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and compare it to the levels observed in the pre-pandemic period.
Methods: This study included 500 dentists working during and before the COVID-19 pandemic, and participants were asked to complete a questionnaire form containing 40 questions using Google Forms. A score ranging between 1/−1 and 4/−4 was assigned to each question based on whether it was a positive or negative characteristic, and a constant of 50 was added to the total score. A higher anxiety score indicated an increase in the anxiety levels of the individual.
Results: A statistically significant difference in state-trait anxiety inventory scores was observed between men and women (p< 0.001). The state anxiety scale scores were seen to decrease with increasing age (p< 0.001). No statistically significant differences in trait anxiety scale scores were observed
between institutions, although dentists working in public hospitals exhibited higher state anxiety scale scores (p< 0.05). Dentists with 1–4 years of experience had the highest trait anxiety scale scores, while those with >= 10 years of experience demonstrated lower state anxiety scale scores (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: The levels of anxiety among dentists were seen to increase after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of epileptic seizure-associated head/neck and intra-oral injuries.
Methods: A questionnaire survey collecting information on the development of epilepsy and occurrence of oro-dental and head trauma was applied to 153 adult and 63 pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Intra-oral examination was performed in patients with a history of oro-dental trauma and the injured teeth were identified. The data were analyzed statistically.
Results: Trauma during epileptic seizures was reported by 58.8% of adults and 30.1% of children included in this study. The head and neck region, lips, and tongue were most commonly affected, and 10% of adults and 3.2% of pediatric patients had experienced tooth fracture. Stress and flu infections were the most common triggering factors for seizures in adults (43.7%) and children (23.8%), respectively. Patients diagnosed with generalized seizures sustained trauma more frequently, and a significant association between the number of antiepileptic drugs used and the incidence of trauma was observed in adults.
Conclusion: Based on the current findings, the incidence of head/neck and intra-oral injuries in epileptic patients was found to be dependent on the seizure type, number of medicine used, and the frequency of seizures.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) enables three-dimensional (3D) imaging of tissues and cells marked with fluorescence dyes. Recent technological developments increase the photon efficiency of the CLSM, making it a popular choice for scientific imaging studies. Consequently, CLSM has come to play an essential role in assessing materials used in the field of endodontics as it allows realistic visualization of the endodontic tissues using high-resolution images.

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a destructive and progressive resorption type with an uncertain etiology. Cone-beam computed tomography is of great importance for reaching a definitive diagnosis. Once diagnosed, a multistage treatment is required to eliminate the pathology. Removal of excessively vascularized granulation tissue is considered one of the most important steps. Trichloroacetic acid at a concentration of 90% is the most commonly used chemical agent for this purpose. Furthermore, the granulation tissue that becomes avascular upon application of the acid is removed using bur or hand tools. In this case report, we present root canal treatment using trichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, US) at a concentration of 90% and the restoration with intracanal fiber post of ICR tooth with excessive crown destruction.