The effect of different irrigation activation procedures on the penetration of a contrast irrigation solution into lateral canals of 3D-printed tooth models

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the XP-Endo Finisher R (XPFR), sonic irrigation (EDDY) and manual dynamic activation (MDA) in enhancing the penetration of a contrast irrigation solution into the lateral canals of 3D printed teeth.
Methods: A total of 45 3D-printed teeth with lateral canals 3 mm from the root apex were used in this study. Root canals were prepared up to size #35.06. The specimens were then divided into three groups (n=15) according to the irrigation activation technique used: XPFR, EDDY and MDA. Each technique was applied using 1.5 mL of 1% methylene blue (MB) as the contrast dye. Penetration depth was assessed via images captured under a dental microscope, and scored on a four-point scale. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the groups (p=0.002). In the XPFR group, penetration of MB into the lateral canals was lower than in the EDDY (p=0.002) and MDA (p=0.008) groups.
Conclusion: EDDY and MDA techniques were more effective than XPFR in facilitating MB penetration into lateral canals of 3D-printed models.

Keywords: 3D-printed teeth, irrigant penetration, manual dynamic activation, sonic irrigation, XP-Endo Finisher R.